The fiber membrane contains a very thin layer with a specific pore size distribution. This is the actual seperation layer. The rest of the fiber structure usually serves only as mechanical support. A sponge-like structure is preferred to increase the mechanical strength of fiber membranes.

Fiber membranes are used in a variety of applications, including wastewater filtration, pretreatment for RO membranes to produce potable water from seawater, and filtration of beverages such as beer and wine. We also call them capillary membranes.

Each application has its own ideal fiber membrane. Wastewater needs membranes with a large diameter to prevent clogging by larger particles. Pretreatment for reverse osmosis generally requires ultrafiltration membranes, which have smaller pores than the microfiltration membranes used in beverage filtration. 

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