General
Nanofiltration membrane technology is used to remove suspended solids, dissolved organic compounds, and multivalent ions from water. Nanofiltration membranes are typically thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, arranged as spiral-wound, tubular, or hollow fiber (capillary) modules based on polyamide or cellulose acetate.
Cross-flow
The nanofiltration membrane process generally runs at pressures of 5 to 20 bar (72.5 to 290 pounds per square inch), depending on the specific application.
A flow tangential to the nanofiltration membrane, known as cross-flow, is required in order to minimize fouling by the concentration polarization effects.